SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN RAMSAR SITES IN VIETNAM: CURRENT STATUS AND ISSUES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59266/houjs.2026.1447Từ khóa:
sustainable tourism, wetlands, Ramsar, stakeholder perceptions, destination sustainabilityTóm tắt
Sustainable tourism development in Ramsar sites is an important direction for harmonizing wetland conservation with local socio-economic development. This study assesses the current status of sustainable tourism development across nine Ramsar sites in Vietnam based on the Global Sustainable Tourism Council (GSTC) Destination Criteria. The study uses 778 valid responses from four stakeholder groups, including 473 tourists, 250 local community members, 35 experts/managers, and 20 tourism businesses. The results show that cultural sustainability received high ratings from local communities (4.29/5) and tourists (4.09/5), while businesses gave relatively lower ratings to the use of local suppliers (3.55/5) and local labour (3.60/5). However, important gaps remain in strengthening local economic linkages, managing tourism carrying capacity, protecting cultural values, and improving ecological risk management. The findings highlight differences in sustainable tourism performance among the nine Ramsar sites and suggest the need for site-specific management approaches. The study provides a comparative basis for strengthening destination governance, local value chain integration, equitable benefit- sharing, and risk and carrying capacity management in Vietnam’s Ramsar sites.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Blasco, D. (2001). Wise Use of Wetlands. Journal of Environmental Law, 13(2), 293. https://doi.org/10.1093/jel/13.2.293
Convention on Wetlands. (2025). Global wetland outlook 2025: Valuing, conserving, restoring and financing wetlands. Secretariat of the Convention on Wetlands. https://doi.org/10.69556/GWO-2025-eng
Freeman, R. E. (2010). Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach. Cambridge University Press.
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. (2005). Ecosystems and human well-being: Wetlands and water synthesis. World Resources Institute.
Obradović, S., Stojanović, V., Milić, D., Ilijević, M., Vladimir, M., Milana, P., & Aleksa, P. (2024). Wise use of wetlands through community-based sustainable tourism development. Wetlands Ecology and Management, 32(2), 303-326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11273-024-09978-z
Ostrom, E. (2009). A general framework for analyzing sustainability of social- ecological systems. Science, 325(5939), 419-422. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1172133
Plummer, R., & Armitage, D. (2007). A resilience-based framework for evaluating adaptive co-management: Linking ecology, economics and society in a complex world. Ecological Economics, 61(1), 62-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2006.09.025
Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. (2018). Global wetland outlook: State of the world’s wetlands and their services to people. Ramsar Convention Secretariat.
Samal, R., & Dash, M. (2024). Stakeholder engagement in advancing sustainable ecotourism: An exploratory case study of Chilika Wetland. Discover Sustainability, 5, Article 50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-024-00233-2
Secretariat of the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. (2012). Destination wetlands: Supporting sustainable tourism. Ramsar Convention Secretariat.
Stankey, G. H., Cole, D. N., Lucas, R. C., Petersen, M. E., & Frissell, S. S. (1985). The limits of acceptable change (LAC) system for wilderness planning (General Technical Report INT-176). U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station.
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (2015). Global sustainable development report 2015. United Nations.
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) & World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). (2005). Making tourism more sustainable: A guide for policy makers. United Nations Environment Programme & World Tourism Organization.
World Bank. (2021). Banking on protected areas: Promoting sustainable protected area tourism to benefit local communities. World Bank.
